Feedback and Communication in Active Hydrogel Spheres with pH Fronts: Facile Approaches to Grow Soft Hydrogel Structures

Compartmentalized reaction networks regulating signal processing, communication and pattern formation are central to living systems. Towards achieving life-like materials, we compartmentalized urea-urease more complex urea-urease/ester-esterase pH-feedback into hydrogel spheres investigate how fuel-driven pH fronts can be sent out from these regulated by internal networks. Membrane characteristics installed covering urease with responsive shells. We then encapsulate the two (urea-urease ester-esterase) separately different devise communication, attraction. Moreover, patterns used for self-growing hydrogels, developing geometries non-injectable hydrogels without 3D printing tools. This study opens possibilities feedback reactions their use in next generation materials fabrication.